AMTRAK, the primary intercity passenger railroad service in the United States, owns and operates six tunnels along the Manhattan, Hudson and East Rivers. These 15 miles of tunnels and other structures, including shafts, sub stations, manholes, bench walls, and mid-river cross passages, were in poor condition and required inspection and rehabilitation. As part of a joint venture, COWI performed inspection, design, and rehabilitation services on behalf of AMTRAK.